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How to Create Android Apps with C# and Visual Studio 2019
If you are a C# developer who wants to create Android apps, you might think that you need to learn a new language such as Java or Kotlin. However, thanks to Xamarin, you can use your existing C# skills and tools to develop native Android apps with ease. In this article, you will learn how to create a simple Android app with C# and Visual Studio 2019.
Introduction
C# is a modern, object-oriented, and multi-paradigm programming language that runs on the .NET platform. It is widely used for developing desktop, web, and mobile applications. C# offers many features and benefits such as strong typing, generics, delegates, lambda expressions, LINQ, async/await, etc.
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Xamarin is a cross-platform development framework that allows you to use C# and .NET to create native apps for Android, iOS, Windows, and other platforms. Xamarin works by compiling your C# code into native code for each platform, using the native UI controls and APIs. This way, you can achieve high performance, native look and feel, and full access to device features.
Some of the benefits of using C# and Xamarin for Android development are:
You can reuse your existing C# code and libraries across different platforms.
You can leverage the powerful features of C# and .NET for app development.
You can use Visual Studio as your IDE, which provides many tools and features such as code completion, debugging, testing, etc.
You can save time and money by developing apps for multiple platforms with a single code base.
Prerequisites
Before you start creating your Android app with C# and Xamarin, you need to install and configure some software on your computer. Here are the steps:
Download and install Visual Studio 2019 from . You can choose the Community edition, which is free for personal use.
During the installation process, select the "Mobile development with .NET" workload, which includes Xamarin and other tools for mobile development.
After the installation is complete, launch Visual Studio 2019 and create a new project. Choose "Android App (Xamarin)" as the project template.
Give your project a name, such as "HelloWorld", and click "Create". Visual Studio will create a new Xamarin.Android project for you.
Creating a Simple App
Now that you have created your project, you can start designing your user interface and writing your code. Here are the steps:
Double-click on the "activity_main.axml" file to open it in the designer tool. You will see a graphical representation of your layout, which consists of a single TextView with the text "Hello World!".
You can drag and drop different UI elements from the toolbox to your layout, such as buttons, images, text inputs, etc. You can also edit the properties of each element in the properties window, such as size, color, font, etc.
For this example, let's add a button below the TextView and change its text to "Click Me". You can also give it an ID, such as "button1", which will be used to reference it in the code.
Save your changes and switch to the code view by clicking on the "Source" tab at the bottom of the designer tool. You will see the XML code that defines your layout. You can also edit the code directly if you prefer.
In the Solution Explorer window, double-click on the "MainActivity.cs" file to open it in the editor tool. This is the C# file that contains the code behind your main activity.
You will see some boilerplate code that is generated by Visual Studio. The most important part is the OnCreate method, which is executed when your activity is created. This is where you initialize your UI elements and set up your event handlers.
To access your UI elements from the code, you need to use the FindViewById method, which takes an ID as a parameter and returns a reference to the UI element. For example, to access the button that you added, you can write:
```csharp Button button1 = FindViewById(Resource.Id.button1); ``` To add an event handler for the button click, you can use the Click event, which takes a delegate as a parameter. A delegate is a type of object that can hold a reference to a method. You can use a lambda expression to create an anonymous method that defines what happens when the button is clicked. For example, to show a toast message when the button is clicked, you can write:
```csharp button1.Click += (sender, e) =>
Toast.MakeText(this, "You clicked me!", ToastLength.Short).Show(); ; ``` Save your changes and run your app by clicking on the green arrow icon at the top of Visual Studio. You can choose to run your app on an emulator or a device that is connected to your computer via USB.
You should see your app running on your chosen device. You can interact with your app and see how it responds. You can also use the debugger tool to set breakpoints, inspect variables, watch expressions, etc.
Adding Features and Functionality
The app that you created is very simple and does not do much. To make it more useful and interesting, you can add more features and functionality using C# and Xamarin. Here are some examples:
You can use Android APIs and libraries in C# by using Xamarin.Android bindings, which are wrappers that expose native Android classes and methods to C#. For example, you can use Android.Graphics.Bitmap to manipulate images, Android.Media.MediaPlayer to play audio and video files, Android.Content.Intent to launch other apps or activities, etc.
You can access device features such as camera, GPS, sensors, etc. by using Xamarin.Essentials, which is a library that provides cross-platform APIs for common device features. For example, you can use CameraCaptureUI to take photos or videos with the camera, Geolocation to get the current location of the device, Accelerometer to get the acceleration data of the device, etc.
You can use data storage and networking in C# by using Xamarin.Forms libraries, which are cross-platform libraries that provide common UI controls and services for mobile development. For example, you can use Application.Current.Properties to store key-value pairs of data locally, HttpClient to make HTTP requests and responses over the network, Json.NET to serialize and deserialize JSON data, etc.
Building and Deploying the App
Once you have finished developing your app, you need to build and deploy it to distribute it to your users. Here are the steps:
In Visual Studio 2019, right-click on your project in the Solution Explorer window and select "Properties". This will open a window where you can configure various settings for your app.
In the "Application" tab, you can set the application name, icon, version number, package name (which must be unique), minimum and target Android versions (which determine what devices can run your app), etc.
the permissions that your app requires to access certain device features or resources, such as camera, internet, location, etc. You can also set other metadata such as screen orientation, theme, label, etc.
In the "Android Options" tab, you can set the linker behavior (which determines how much unused code is removed from your app to reduce its size), the code shrinker (which obfuscates your code to protect it from reverse engineering), the supported architectures (which determine what devices can run your app), etc.
After you have configured your app settings, you can build your app by clicking on the "Build" menu and selecting "Build Solution". This will compile your C# code into native code and package it into an APK file, which is the file format for Android apps.
To deploy your app to a device or an emulator, you can click on the green arrow icon at the top of Visual Studio and select your target device. This will install your app on the device and launch it automatically.
To deploy your app to Google Play Store, you need to sign your app with a digital certificate that identifies you as the developer. You can create a new certificate or use an existing one by clicking on the "Tools" menu and selecting "Android" and then "Publish Android App". This will open a window where you can select your certificate and generate a signed APK file.
After you have generated a signed APK file, you can upload it to Google Play Console, which is the web portal where you manage your apps on Google Play Store. You need to create a developer account and pay a one-time fee of $25 to access Google Play Console. You can then create a new app entry, fill in the app details, upload the APK file, and publish your app to Google Play Store.
Conclusion
In this article, you learned how to create Android apps with C# and Visual Studio 2019 using Xamarin. You learned how to design the user interface, write the code behind, use Android APIs and libraries, access device features, and build and deploy the app. You also learned some of the benefits of using C# and Xamarin for Android development, such as code reuse, productivity, performance, and cross-platform compatibility.
If you want to learn more about C# and Xamarin for Android development, here are some resources and links that you can check out:
: The official documentation for Xamarin.Android.
: The official documentation for Xamarin.Essentials.
: The official documentation for Xamarin.Forms.
: A video series that teaches the basics of Xamarin development.
: A Udemy course that teaches how to create Android apps with C# and Firebase using Xamarin.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions about C# and